White chalky toenails can be caused by a variety of factors, including dehydration of the keratin molecules on the nail surface, which causes keratin granulations. These granulations are dehydrated superficial layers of nail cells that result in white, rough, and uneven dry patches on the top of the nail. Prolonged use of nail polish, as well as acetone-based nail polish removers, can dry out the surface of your toenails and lead to these keratin granulations. If most of a toenail appears white, except for the tip, it may be due to a mineral deficiency that is causing the discoloration. Both iron deficiency anemia and zinc deficiency can cause white nails that are thin and brittle.
White chalky toenails are usually not caused by toenail fungus, but it is still important to rule out this possibility. Nail fungus, or onychomycosis, is a common cause of white spots on toenails and can present as a white or yellow-brown spot under the tip or side of the toenail. If the toenail fungus progresses, it can go deeper into the nail, causing discoloration, thick white stuff under the toenail (keratin debris), nail thickening and crumbling, and even transmission to surrounding nails.
There are several home remedies and medical treatments available for toenail fungus, but it is important to note that home remedies may not be effective in preventing infections. Medical treatments may be necessary for people at higher risk for complications. Some medical treatments for toenail fungus include topical and device-based therapies. Some home remedies that may help include baking soda, menthol products, and mouthwash containing chlorhexidine. However, there is not much scientific evidence to support these remedies.
In terms of products, there are some non-toxic and anti-fungal nail polishes available that may help with white chalky toenails caused by nail polish use. These products typically contain tea tree oil, which has antifungal properties.
Overall, it is best to see a podiatrist for proper diagnosis and treatment if you are not sure what is causing the white spots on your toenails.
