The novel "The Jungle" was written by Upton Sinclair. It was first published serially in 1905 and then as a book in 1906. Sinclair wrote the novel based on his undercover investigation of the meatpacking industry in Chicago, aiming to expose the harsh working conditions and unsanitary practices there. The book became famous for its impact on public awareness and legislation, including the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906.