Hiccups happen due to involuntary spasms of the diaphragm, the muscle just below the lungs that plays a key role in breathing. This sudden muscle contraction causes the vocal cords to close quickly, producing the characteristic "hic" sound. Common causes of these diaphragm spasms include:
- Eating or drinking too quickly, often leading to bloating
- Irritation of the nerves controlling the diaphragm, such as from spicy foods or alcohol
- Swallowing air, which can occur from laughing, chewing gum, or drinking carbonated beverages
- Emotional triggers like stress, excitement, or sudden shock
- Sudden temperature changes in the stomach from hot or cold foods
In some cases, persistent hiccups may signal underlying medical conditions like nerve damage, central nervous system disorders, metabolic imbalances, or reactions to certain medications. But most bouts of hiccups are harmless and short-lived, usually lasting only a few minutes.
