There is currently only one extant (living) species of human: Homo sapiens. However, from an evolutionary perspective, many human species have existed in the past. The Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History lists at least 21 recognized species of early humans, including well-known ones like Neanderthals (Homo neanderthalensis), Denisovans, Homo erectus, and the Indonesian "hobbit" species (Homo floresiensis). Some researchers estimate up to 16 to 30 species if including all close relatives since the split from the common ancestor with chimpanzees about 6-7 million years ago. In summary:
- Only one species of human exists today: Homo sapiens.
- Historically, about 21 species of early humans are recognized by most scientists.
- Estimates can vary, ranging from about 16 to 30 species based on definition and fossil evidence.
Thus, the diversity of human species was much greater in the past than at present.
