Sensitive teeth are caused primarily by the exposure of the dentin layer beneath the tooth enamel. This exposure happens when the protective enamel wears down or gums recede, exposing the dentin and the microscopic tubules leading to nerves inside the tooth. Various factors can cause this enamel erosion or gum recession, including:
- Gum disease, which can cause gum recession and expose tooth roots.
- Tooth decay and cavities breaking down enamel.
- Tooth grinding or clenching, which wears down enamel.
- Cracked or chipped teeth exposing dentin.
- Brushing too hard or using a hard toothbrush that wears down enamel.
- Consuming acidic or sugary foods and drinks that erode enamel.
- Dental treatments such as whitening, fillings, or crowns which may temporarily increase sensitivity.
- Poor oral hygiene leading to plaque buildup and gum issues.
These causes expose the dentinal tubules, allowing hot, cold, sweet, or acidic stimuli to directly reach the nerve endings, causing the sensation of sensitivity or pain in the teeth.
