Tooth pain is caused by irritation or inflammation of the nerve in the root of a tooth or surrounding areas. Common causes include tooth decay (cavities), cracked teeth, gum disease (periodontitis), dental abscesses, loosened fillings or crowns, and tooth sensitivity due to enamel erosion or gum recession. Other causes can be sinus infections, wisdom tooth issues, jaw clenching, or dental trauma. Pain may also arise from referred sources such as jaw joint problems or sinus pressure near the upper teeth.
Major Causes of Tooth Pain
- Tooth Decay (Cavities): Acid from bacteria breaks down tooth enamel, leading to holes and nerve irritation.
- Cracked or Damaged Tooth: Can cause sharp pain, often triggered by biting or temperature changes.
- Gum Disease: Infection or inflammation of gums can cause dental pain and tenderness.
- Dental Abscess: Infection near the tooth root creates swelling and intense pain.
- Loose Fillings or Crowns: These can trap bacteria, irritating nerves underneath.
- Tooth Sensitivity: Exposure of nerves due to enamel erosion or gum recession.
- Sinus Congestion: Sinus inflammation may cause pain in the upper teeth due to proximity.
Other Contributing Factors
- Trauma or injury to teeth.
- Teeth grinding or clenching, leading to enamel wear.
- Impacted or erupting wisdom teeth causing pressure and pain.
- Recent dental work causing temporary nerve sensitivity.
Each of these causes may produce different pain characteristics, such as sharp, throbbing, or dull aches, often worsened by biting, temperature extremes, or pressure.
