Stitches, or side stitches, are a sharp, intense pain felt under the lower edge of the ribcage during exercise. The precise cause is not fully understood, but the most widely accepted explanation is irritation of the parietal peritoneum, the membrane lining the abdominal cavity. This irritation can be caused by the movement of abdominal organs rubbing against the abdominal muscles during exercise. Other potential causes include strain on the ligaments connecting the diaphragm to abdominal organs, shallow breathing, and the effects of eating or drinking too close to exercise, which increase friction or stress in the area. Stitches are common during activities like running, swimming, and horseback riding and can be influenced by factors such as meal timing, hydration, and breathing patterns.
Main Theories Behind Stitches
- Irritation of the parietal peritoneum due to friction between abdominal organs and muscles.
- Strain on ligaments connecting organs to the diaphragm from movement.
- Shallow or improper breathing patterns.
- Impact of eating or drinking before exercise increasing abdominal stress.
Common Triggers
- Exercise involving torso rotation or jolting (running, swimming).
- Consuming food or beverages too close before activity.
- Dehydration or electrolyte imbalances.
- Inadequate warm-up or poor breathing technique.
This explains why stitches can be prevented by managing meal times, hydration, breathing techniques, and gradual warm-up before exercise.
