why do whales breach

Whales breach for several interrelated reasons including communication, territorial claims, parasite removal, hunting assistance, and visual observation. Breaching is a powerful behavior where whales propel themselves out of the water and crash back down. It serves as a long-distance visual and acoustic signal to communicate with other whales, for example, to signal their presence, claim territory, or show dominance. The dramatic splash and sound created can travel far underwater, alerting others or conveying important social messages such as mating readiness or location of food. Another functional reason for breaching is to dislodge parasites like barnacles and lice that attach to their skin, helping maintain their health. It can also assist in hunting, where especially orca whales use coordinated breaching to disorient and corral their prey. Additionally, breaching helps whales get a better visual on their surroundings above the water surface, particularly near coasts or in noisy ocean conditions. Lastly, breaching may serve social functions like playfulness, celebration, or practice among younger whales. It is an energetically costly activity that likely indicates physical fitness, dominance, or courtship behavior. In summary, breaching is a multi-purpose behavior crucial in whale communication, hygiene, hunting, navigation, and social interactions.